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As India gears up for the Mahakumbh 2025, the world’s largest religious gathering, the spotlight shines on how technological advancements are transforming this ancient pilgrimage into a modern marvel. Anticipating an influx of approximately 40 crore (400 million) devotees in Prayagraj over its 45-day duration, the Uttar Pradesh government is integrating advanced information technology (IT) solutions to ensure efficient management and enhance the pilgrim experience.

The Kumbh Mela, often referred to as Mahakumbh during its largest celebration, is more than just a religious event; it is a confluence of spirituality, culture, and community. Held every twelve years at four rotating locations, it attracts millions of devotees, including international visitors. The scale of the event necessitates meticulous planning and execution, which is where IT comes into play. IT solutions are set to transform this sacred event and the digital blueprint that could set a new standard for managing large public gatherings.

Leveraging Technology for Efficient Management

1. Advanced Crowd Management through AI and IoT

The expected turnout for Mahakumbh 2025 is estimated to be around 100 million pilgrims throughout the event, with a peak daily attendance of up to five million. Managing such crowd requires meticulous planning and cutting-edge technology. The Uttar Pradesh government has partnered with private tech firms and academic institutions to deploy AI-powered surveillance systems for crowd density estimation, behavior analysis, and alert systems in highrisk zones. Through IoT-enabled devices and GPS tracking, officials can monitor real-time crowd movements and create predictive models to anticipate potential overcrowding, enhancing safety for all attendees.

2. Smart City Solutions in the Kumbh Area

The Mahakumbh city itself will become a ‘smart’ setup. The Uttar Pradesh government has allocated over INR 4,200 crore (USD 570 million) for infrastructure and technological enhancements. Key implementations include smart lighting, digital kiosks, and waste management systems powered by real-time data analytics. Waste disposal, a monumental task in such gatherings, will be managed through an ITintegrated system that monitors and controls the disposal rate in each sector of the mela, promoting sanitation and environmental responsibility.

Enhanced safety Measures through Digital Integration

1. Facial Recognition and Biometric Identification

The use of facial recognition technology and biometric identification will play a pivotal role in ensuring safety and security. Pilgrims’ data will be registered through a secure online platform, allowing authorities to identify individuals and track missing persons with remarkable accuracy. This setup is especially beneficial for families with elderly members or children, as anyone found unattended can be swiftly identified and reunited with their loved ones. This security layer is fortified by the Aadhaar database, India’s vast biometric repository, ensuring a robust identity verification process.

2. Aerial Surveillance with Drones

To support on-ground surveillance, the local government plans to deploy hundreds of drones for aerial monitoring. Equipped with high-resolution cameras, these drones will provide a bird’s-eye view of the event, identifying congestion points and alerting ground staff in real time to mitigate risks. Drones are also programmed to offer night vision support, ensuring 24/7 vigilance. This technology is expected to cover an area of over 58 square kilometers, helping authorities maintain control over massive stretches of the event grounds.

Also Read :- Uttar Pradesh’s Startup Revolution Powering India’s Innovation Surge

Digital Services for Seamless Pilgrim Experience

1. Kumbh Mela Mobile App and Information Portals

To keep pilgrims informed and ensure a smooth experience, authorities will introduce a dedicated Kumbh Mela 2025 mobile app. The app will offer navigation assistance, emergency contact information, and live updates on rituals and events. Additionally, the app will feature a ‘Lost & Found’ section and enable users to book accommodations or access medical support with a few taps. Over 1.5 million people are projected to use this app, as it caters to both local and international pilgrims with multilingual options, covering languages such as Hindi, English, and Bengali.

2. RFID Technology for Pilgrim Tracking

Pilgrims will be issued RFID-enabled (Radio Frequency Identification) wristbands, designed to ensure safety and streamline crowd management. These bands will allow officials to track the movement of people across the mela grounds, helping manage the flow and respond to emergencies more effectively. Such technology was previously used in the 2019 Kumbh Mela, which saw a marked improvement in crowd control and lost-person reunification rates, inspiring a more refined implementation for the 2025 event.

Data Analytics and Predictive Insights  

Data analytics will form the backbone of Mahakumbh 2025’s IT infrastructure. By analysing data from past events and integrating real-time inputs, authorities aim to forecast peak attendance periods, anticipate bottlenecks, and optimise resource allocation. For instance, predictive models can help allocate additional personnel to busier zones before congestion occurs, while real-time data enables swift decision-making. An estimated 2.5 terabytes of data will be generated each day of the Mahakumbh, offering invaluable insights into crowd behavior and preferences that can enhance future event management.

Sustainability Through Digital Tools 

Environmental sustainability has become a key focus for Mahakumbh 2025, with digital tools playing a critical role in monitoring and managing resources. Water quality monitoring systems will be installed along the river banks to track pollutants in real time, ensuring that the Ganges remains safe and clean for ceremonial bathing. Additionally, solar-powered energy stations and digital waste management systems will be deployed across the mela grounds, promoting eco-friendly practices and reducing the event’s carbon footprint.

Collaboration with Institutions & Tech Forms

The Uttar Pradesh government is collaborating with premier institutions like the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur and the Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Allahabad. These institutions are contributing their expertise in AI, machine learning, and data analytics to develop solutions for crowd management, security, and other logistical challenges associated with the Mela.

Moreover, local startups and tech innovators will be encouraged to participate, fostering a spirit of entrepreneurship and creativity. Hackathons and innovation challenges can be organised to invite solutions that address specific issues related to the event, thus harnessing the collective intelligence of the community.

Future Prospects

While the digitalisation of Mahakumbh 2025 is a forwardlooking initiative, it also presents certain challenges. Issues such as data privacy, digital literacy among pilgrims, and system reliability in high-pressure situations need to be addressed proactively. The extensive digital footprint of millions of pilgrims calls for stringent cybersecurity measures, while the success of digital services depends on effective user education and support.

The Mahakumbh 2025 will not only be a gathering of faith but also a celebration of technology and its potential to enhance one of the world’s largest religious festivals. By adopting AI-driven crowd management systems, establishing an Integrated Command and Control Center, and developing AI-enabled chatbots, authorities aim to ensure a safe and enriching experience for millions of pilgrims. As the countdown begins, all eyes are on Prayagraj, where tradition meets innovation in a spectacular showcase of devotion and progress.

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