New Delhi: Niti Aayog, India’s leading policy think tank, will release guidelines on the country’s energy transition by early 2025, according to Anshu Bharadwaj, Programme Director for Green Transition and Climate at the institution. The guidelines are set to align with the government’s energy transition framework outlined in the FY25 budget, aiming to strike a balance between employment growth, economic development, and environmental sustainability.

In her full budget speech in July, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted the importance of a structured policy for a just energy transition. She emphasised the need for strategies that ensure energy security while promoting resource-efficient economic growth. The upcoming policy will define pathways for India to meet its net-zero carbon emissions target by 2070, as well as its interim goals of generating 50% of power from non-fossil-fuel sources and expanding renewable energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030.

Speaking at the ‘Just Transition’ event hosted by the International Forum for Environment, Sustainability & Technology (iFOREST), Bharadwaj explained the unique challenges India faces compared to developed nations. He noted that while countries with higher per-capita carbon dioxide emissions are focusing on mitigation after achieving substantial economic development, India’s energy transition is framed within its developmental aspirations. With the goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047, India must achieve net-zero emissions while fostering economic growth, he added.

Bharadwaj highlighted that nine inter-ministerial working groups, comprising government ministries, academia, and industry bodies, are working on detailed terms of reference to explore various energy transition scenarios until the 2040s. Social aspects, particularly in coal-dependent regions such as Odisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh, are integral to the transition plan.

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India’s stance at the upcoming COP29 summit in Baku, Azerbaijan, will continue to align with the G77 and China, said Neelesh Sah, India’s negotiator at the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Sah emphasised that developed nations must take financial responsibility, stating that the upcoming conference is “the COP of finance” and will prioritise the finalisation of collective quantified goals to ensure a just transition for all.

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